Mount Sinabung (Indonesian: Gunung Sinabung) is a Pleistocene-to-Holocene stratovolcano of andesite and dacite in the Karo plateau of Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, 25 miles from Lake Toba supervolcano. Many old lava flows are on its flanks and the last known eruption, before recent times, occurred in the year 1600.[citation needed] Solfataric activities (cracks where steam, gas, and lava
are emitted) were last observed at the summit in 1912; recent
documented events include an eruption in the early hours of 29 August
2010 and eruptions in September and November 2013, January and February
2014
Geology
For more details on this topic, see List of volcanoes in Indonesia.
Most of Indonesian volcanism stems from the Sunda Arc, created by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the Eurasian Plate. This arc is bounded on the north-northwest by the Andaman Islands, a chain of basaltic volcanoes, and on the East by the Banda Arc, also created by subduction.[3]
Sinabung is an andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano with a total of four volcanic craters, only one being active.[1]
Eruptions
On 29 August 2010 (local time), the volcano experienced a minor eruption after several days of rumbling.[4] Ash spewed into the atmosphere up to 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) high and lava was seen overflowing the crater.[4] The volcano had been inactive for over four centuries, with the most recent eruption occurring in 1600.[4] On August 31 6,000 of the 30,000 villagers who had been evacuated returned to their homes.[5][6]
The volcano was assigned to category “B” In Indonesia, as it was
inactive for more than 400 years (volcanoes in category “A”, must be
monitored frequently).[7][8] The Indonesian Red Cross Society and the Health Ministry of Indonesia sent doctors and medicines to the region.[6] The National Disaster Management Agency provided face masks and food to assist the evacuees.[6]
September 2010
On Friday 3 September, two more eruptions were noted. The first
happened at 04:45 am in the morning, forcing more villagers to leave
their houses - some of them had just returned the day before. This
eruption was the most intense so far, with ash spewed up into the
atmosphere about 3.0 kilometres (1.9 mi) high. Some hours before the
eruption a warning had been issued through the volcanology agency, and
most villagers were prepared to leave quickly.[9]
A second eruption occurred the same evening, around 6 pm. The eruption
came with earthquakes which could be noticed in a 25.0 kilometres
(15.5 mi) distance around the volcano
January 2014
By December 28, 2013, a lava dome formed on the summit.
On January 4th 2014 the volcano erupted again. "Mount Sinabung, which
has erupted over a hundred times between Jan. 4 through the morning of
Jan. 5 is spewing out a 4,000-meter high column of ash damaging property
and crops and poisoning animals over a wide radius."[19]
February 2014
On 1 February 2014 the volcano erupted again. The eruption ejected
hot clouds of ash 2 km into the air. This has engulfed nearby villages
and it is reported that at least 14 people have been killed. It occurred
just after residents living more than five kilometers from the mountain
were allowed to return home due to recent inactivity. [20]
Most of the dead were high school students who were on a journey to see
the re-eruption of the volcano, while some were local villagers.[21]
0 Comments